利用稳定同位素示踪技术研究大型溞（Daphnia magna）对水环境中溶解性铜的吸收

由于缺乏合适的放射性同位素,生物对Cu的吸收以及Cu在生物体内的迁移转化等动力学研究一直较为匮乏.论文以大型溞(Daphniamagna)为受试生物,以稳定同位素65Cu作为示踪剂,研究了不同Cu浓度下,大型溞对水相中Cu的吸收.结果表明,在低浓度下,大型溞的吸收随着水相中Cu浓度的增加而增加.随着水相中Cu浓度的升高,大型溞的吸收逐渐趋于饱和.水相吸收速率和Cu的暴露浓度符合米氏方程(Michaelis-Menten Function),最大吸收速率Imax为14.6μg·g-1·h-1,米氏常数Km为3.2μg·L-1,平均水相吸收速率常数ku为1.23L·g-1·h-1.     

A two-dimensional simulation model of phosphorus uptake including crop growth and P-response

Modelling nutrient uptake by crops implies considering and integrating the processes controlling the soil nutrient supply, the uptake by the root system and relationships between the crop growth response and the amount of nutrient absorbed. We developed a model that integrates both dynamics of maize growth and phosphorus (P) uptake. The crop part of the model was derived from Monteith's model. A complete regulation of P-uptake by the roots according to crop P-demand and soil P-supply was assumed. The soil P-supply to the roots was calculated using a diffusion equation and assuming that roots behave as zero-sinks. The actual P-uptake and crop growth were calculated at each time step by comparing phosphate and carbohydrate supply–demand ratios. Model calculations for P-uptake and crop growth were compared to field measurements on a long term P-fertilization trial. Three P-fertilization regimes (no P-fertilization, 42.8 kg P ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and 94.3 kg P ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) have led to a range of P-supply. Our model correctly simulated both the crop development and growth for all P-treatments. P-uptake was correctly predicted for the two non-limiting P-treatments. Nevertheless, for the limiting P-treatment, P-uptake was correctly predicted during the early period of growth but it was underestimated at the last sampling date (61 day after sowing). Several arguments for under-prediction were considered. However, most of them cannot explain the observed magnitude in discrepancy. The most likely reason might be the fact that biomass allocation between shoot and root must be modelled more precisely. Despite this mismatch, the model appears to provide realistic simulations of the soil–plant dynamic of P in field conditions.     

强化生物除磷体系中反硝化聚磷菌的选择与富集

采用SBR反应器 ,对以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌的选择和富集作了研究 .结果表明 ,反硝化聚磷菌存在于传统的强化生物除磷体系之中 .经过 3个阶段的选择和富集 ,反硝化聚磷菌在聚磷菌中的比例从 15 %上升到 73% .稳定运行的强化反硝化生物除磷体系具有良好的强化生物除磷和反硝化脱氮性能 ,缺氧结束时体系中磷浓度小于 1mg L ,除磷和脱氮效率分别大于 94 %和 95 % .     

水动力条件对龙须菜N吸收的影响

通过在室外0.5t的玻璃缸桶内对不同放养密度的龙须菜进行流水和静水的氮吸收比较养殖试验,发现龙须菜可以同时吸收介质中的铵态氮和硝态氮;静水导致水体中的pH值升高,最大的上升了1单位以上;龙须菜的吸收造成介质中营养盐的减少,在试验开始3h后,静水组的高放养密度处理中出现氮吸收抑制现象;采用流水方式,水流速度在(160～175)L·h-1范围,养殖介质的条件相对稳定,藻体所吸收的氮量也较多,流水组的2kg和4kg处理分别比静水相应处理多吸收N为5.80、10.25(16∶00)和7.64、11.59mg(18∶00),分别比静水条件增加24、31和18、27%。     

花生对土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收累积特征

选择邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)作为目标污染物,通过盆栽试验研究花生(Arachis hypogaea)对土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收累积特征.结果表明:邻苯二甲酸酯污染对青花7号花生生物量无显著影响,而青花5号花生生物量则显著降低,在污染水平I(40 mg·kg-1)和污染水平II(80 mg·kg-1)下花生籽粒产量分别减少24.11%和48.75%.随着土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染水平的增高,花生植株各部位的DBP和DEHP含量均呈显著升高趋势,花生根系DBP和DEHP含量显著高于其它部位.在2个污染水平下,花生籽粒对DBP和DEHP的富集量占植株富集总量的比例最高.花生种植后土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯残留量均有所降低,在相同的污染水平下DEHP残留量显著高于DBP.花生籽粒对DBP的富集系数高于DEHP的生物富集系数,分别介于0.50~1.87和0.53~0.98之间.     

外加磷源对陶粒滤池生物膜特性的影响研究

以我国北方某磷含量较低的水库水源水作为生物陶粒滤池预处理原水,在其中添加微量的磷源,考察磷源对陶粒滤池生物膜的影响．试验中安装了两套相同的陶粒滤池,以便进行比较研究．原水直接进入陶粒滤池A(BF-A),原水中添加25μg/L的PO4^3--P(H3PO4)后进入陶粒滤池B(BF-B)．结果表明,对于本试验所用原水,添加磷源后,生物陶粒滤池内的生物膜发生明显的变化．BF-B中陶粒生物膜的细菌数量高出BF-A17％～27％,脂磷含量高出BF-A13％-22％,微生物耗氧速率高出BF-A35％-45％,BF-B对原水中有机物的去除效率优于BF-A。